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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 56: e12850, 2023. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1528092

ABSTRACT

Depression is a common disorder in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and some data support its relationship with functional capacity and quality of life. However, to date, this has not been evaluated systematically or through meta-analysis. We sought to investigate the relationship of quality of life and functional capacity with depressive disorder in patients with CKD on hemodialysis. This systematic review considered studies published up to 2021 and included cross-sectional and cohort studies. PubMed, Embase, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Cochrane (CENTRAL) databases were used to search for studies. The New Castle-Ottawa Quality Assessment scale was used to measure the quality of the studies. A total of 4,626 studies were found and, after applying the selection criteria, 16 studies (2,175 patients) remained for qualitative analysis and 10 for meta-analysis (1,484 patients). The physical component summary (MD=-6.563; 95%CI: −9.702 to −3.424) and mental component summary (MD=-18.760; 95%CI: −28.641 to −8.879) were lower in depressive patients, as in all Short Form Health Survey 36 (SF-36) domains. Only one study provided data regarding functional capacity, but it was not evaluated by the defined outcome measure. Twelve studies were classified as "moderate quality" (5 to 6 stars) and four were classified as "low-quality" (0 to 4 stars). This meta-analysis with CKD patients on hemodialysis showed a negative relationship between depression and quality of life, with worsening in all physical and mental domains of the SF-36 in depressed patients.

2.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 55: e11149, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1355921

ABSTRACT

More information is needed on asthma control and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in smokers with severe asthma. The main study objective was to characterize the association of HRQoL and disease control with cigarette smoking in individuals with severe asthma. A secondary objective was to analyze subject characteristics according to asthma onset: asthma that developed before smoking initiation versus asthma that developed after smoking initiation. This cross-sectional study included subjects with severe asthma aged 18-65 years. HRQoL was assessed using the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and asthma control was assessed using the Asthma Control Test (ACT) and Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) criteria. Of the 87 patients studied, 58 (66.7%) were classified as asthmatics who had never smoked and 29 (33.3%) as asthmatics with smoking exposure. The proportion of subjects with uncontrolled asthma was higher in the asthma and smoking group (GINA criteria: P=0.032 and ACT criteria: P=0.003. There were no between-group differences in overall AQLQ score (P=0.475) or AQLQ domain scores (P>0.05). Fifty-eight subjects (66.7%) were nonsmokers, 20 (23%) had asthma onset before smoking, and 9 (10.3%) had asthma onset after smoking. Asthma onset before smoking was associated with uncontrolled asthma (P=0.013). In subjects with severe asthma, smoking was associated with a higher rate of uncontrolled disease but not with HRQoL scores.

3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(6): 2271-2278, Nov.-Dec. 2020. ilus
Article in Portuguese | VETINDEX, LILACS | ID: biblio-1142300

ABSTRACT

Relata-se um caso de melanoma oral disseminado em uma cadela de dois anos, com protrusão de bulbo ocular unilateral e quadro convulsivo progressivo. Os exames de imagem revelaram aumento de volume nas regiões submandibular, maxilar e cerebral, padrão nodular pulmonar e aumento das dimensões ovarianas. A citologia da massa submandibular indicou proliferação epitelial maligna, enquanto a biópsia excisional foi sugestiva de melanoma amelanótico. Na necropsia, havia uma massa gengival localmente infiltrativa e nodulações brancas nos linfonodos, nos rins, no pulmão, no cérebro e nos ovários, indicativas de metástase. O diagnóstico histopatológico consistiu de neoplasia maligna metastática indiferenciada, indicativo de melanoma amelanótico. Células caracterizadas por núcleo com cromatina espessa, múltiplos nucléolos bem evidentes, mitoses atípicas e multinucleações consistiram nos principais critérios de malignidade. No espaço peritrabecular ósseo facial, havia rara diferenciação pigmentar melanocítica, confirmada histoquimicamente pela técnica de Fontana-Massom e Giemsa. Algumas células foram positivas pela imuno-histoquímica para PNL-2 e Melan-A, e o diagnóstico de melanoma amelanótico disseminado foi firmado. A indiferenciação neoplásica marcante, com disseminação metastática multissistêmica e acometimento mútuo de sítios anatômicos pouco comuns, conjuntamente com a ampla variação dos padrões celulares, foi responsável pelo desafio diagnóstico do presente caso, ressaltando o papel decisivo da imuno-histoquímica para confirmação diagnóstica. A importância clínica deste trabalho consiste ainda em alertar a comunidade clínica e científica acerca da dificuldade diagnóstica, devendo-se considerar o melanoma amelanótico como diferencial mesmo em casos de lesões orais menos perceptíveis e/ou desprovidas de pigmentação.(AU)


A case of disseminated oral melanoma in a two year old female dog with unilateral protuberance of the eye bulb and progressive seizure is described. Imaging exams revealed increase of the submandibular, maxillary and cerebral regions, nodular pattern in lungs and increased ovarian dimensions. The cytology of the submandibular mass indicated a malignant epithelial proliferation, whereas the excisional biopsy indicated an amelanotic melanoma. At necropsy, a locally infiltrating gingival mass and white nodules in the lymph nodes, kidneys, lung, brain and ovaries were observed, indicative of metastases. Histopathological diagnosis consisted of an undifferentiated malignant metastatic neoplasm. Nucleus with coarse chromatin, prominent nucleoli, bizarre mitotic figures and multinucleated cells were the major malignant features. There was a poor melanocytic pigment differentiation in the peritrabecular space of facial bones, confirmed by Fontana-Masson and Giemsa histochemical techniques. Only a few cells were immunohistochemically positive for PNL-2 and Melan-A and the diagnosis of a disseminated amelanotic melanoma was performed. The diagnostic challenge was based on marked neoplastic undifferentiation, with multisystemic metastasis and mutual involvement of uncommon anatomic sites, associated with a large variability of cellular patterns, highlighting the decisive role of immunohistochemistry for diagnostic confirmation. Therefore, the clinical importance of this study is to warn the clinical and scientific community about the diagnostic challenge, considering the amelanotic melanoma as a differential even in cases of poorly apparent and/or nonpigmented oral lesions.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Dogs , Mouth Neoplasms/veterinary , Melanoma, Amelanotic/complications , Melanoma, Amelanotic/veterinary , Ovarian Neoplasms/veterinary , Neoplasm Metastasis
4.
Neumol. pediátr. (En línea) ; 15(3): 402-405, sept. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1127612

ABSTRACT

A clinical case of Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia is presented with a bibliographic review. An infant patient with respiratory distress syndrome, characterized by nasal flaring, retractions, and tachypnea with temporary resolution with the use of bronchodilators. However, the patient requires oxygen. With complementary examinations (negative viral panel twice) and epidemiology it is classified as a viral Bronchiolitis. Without improvement, extrapulmonar pathologies were suspected, discarding hearth disease, epilepsy, pathological gastroesophageal reflux. New tests were performed to rule out other pathologies, including immunological disorders. Those results were normal, so a high-resolution chest tomography was done which allowed the diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia. During the follow up the child had improved and required oxygen until he was two years old. Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia belongs to a huge group of less common interstitial disorders, which diagnosis is clinical and radiological. It can easily be confused with common respiratory disorders. For this reason, it is important to know about this disease to make an early diagnosis. Most of the cases had a gradual (months to years) improvement.


Se presenta un caso clínico de Hiperplasia de Células Neuroendocrinas y la revisión de la literatura. Paciente lactante menor con cuadro de dificultad respiratoria, caracterizado por aleteo nasal, retracciones y taquipnea persistente acompañada de desaturación. Sin adecuada respuesta al uso de broncodilatadores. Por exámenes complementarios, panel viral negativo en dos ocasiones y epidemiología, se le diagnostica una bronquiolitis viral. Por no presentar mejoría se completan estudios, descartándose neumonía atípica, cardiopatía, epilepsia, reflujo gastroesofágico patológico y compromiso inmunológico. El diagnóstico fue determinado en base a la clínica, junto con imágenes en vidrio esmerilado característicos en lóbulo medio y língula. En su seguimiento mejora paulatinamente, requiriendo soporte de oxígeno hasta los dos años. La Hiperplasia de Células Neuroendocrinas es una patología intersticial pulmonar poco frecuente, cuyo diagnóstico es clínico y radiológico. Puede ser fácilmente confundida con desórdenes respiratorios comunes, por lo que es importante sospecharla para realizar un diagnóstico precoz. La mayor parte de los casos evolucionan con declinación de los síntomas, mejorando espontáneamente en meses o en los primeros años de vida.


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis , Neuroendocrine Cells/pathology , Hyperplasia/diagnosis , Oxygen/therapeutic use , Lung Diseases, Interstitial/therapy , Tachypnea/etiology , Hyperplasia/therapy
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 72(4): 1213-1220, July-Aug. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1131481

ABSTRACT

Surgical site infections (SSIs) and antimicrobial resistance among pathogens causing SSI are a growing concern in veterinary hospitals. One major reason, the widespread use of antimicrobials, has led to increased incidence of SSIs. This study identified bacteria and resistance profiles to antimicrobials in the SSI cases diagnosed at the Surgical Clinic of Small Animals in the Veterinary Hospital, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil. The main genus identified was Staphylococcus, followed by Escherichia, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Shigella, Citrobacter, Proteus, Morganella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas and Klebsiella were also found, but in small number. The results indicated the predominance of Gram-negative bacteria among the collected samples. Most of isolates identified were resistant to more than one of the following antimicrobials: ampicillin, tetracycline, enrofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and cephalotin. Of the 17 Staphylococcus sp. isolates, two (11.8%) were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 11 (64.7%) of them were methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP). There were bacterial genera identified with resistance to all tested antimicrobials in different proportions. This should alert veterinary hospitals to the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and to the requirement for the revision of surgical protocols with regard to antimicrobial prophylaxis and therapy.(AU)


As infecções em sítio cirúrgico (ISCs) e a resistência bacteriana entre os patógenos relacionados constituem uma preocupação crescente nos hospitais veterinários. O aumento na incidência de ISCs possui forte relação com o uso amplo e disseminado de antibióticos. O presente estudo identificou bactérias e perfis de resistência a antibióticos nos casos de ISCs diagnosticados na Clínica Cirúrgica de Pequenos Animais do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Brasil. O principal gênero identificado foi Staphylococcus, seguido pelos gêneros Escherichia, Enterococcus, Bacillus, Shigella, Citrobacter, Proteus, Morganella, Serratia, Enterobacter, Pseudomonas e Klebsiella, porém, em menor quantidade. Os resultados demonstraram a predominância de bactérias Gram-negativas entre as amostras coletadas. A maioria dos isolados identificados eram resistentes a um ou a mais de um dos seguintes antibióticos: ampicilina, tetraciclina, enrofloxacina, amoxicilina/ácido clavulânico e cefalotina. Entre os 17 isolados de Staphylococcus sp., dois (11,8%) eram Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à meticilina (SARM) e 11 (64,7%) eram Staphylococcus pseudintermedius resistentes à meticilina (SPRM). Houve identificação de gêneros bacterianos com diferentes proporções de resistência para todos os antibióticos avaliados. Esses achados devem alertar os hospitais veterinários para a emergência de bactérias multirresistentes e para a necessidade de revisar a profilaxia e a terapia antimicrobiana referente aos protocolos cirúrgicos.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Cats , Dogs , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Cross Infection/veterinary , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Microbial Sensitivity Tests/veterinary
6.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 71(4): 1316-1326, jul.-ago. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1038610

ABSTRACT

O presente trabalho objetivou comparar o efeito do flunixin meglumine, cetoprofeno e meloxicam no tratamento da dor pós-operatória de ovinos submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia. Foram utilizados 32 ovinos, machos, pesando em média 35,5±3,5kg, distribuídos em três grupos: GFlu (flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.), GCet (cetoprofeno 3,0mg/kg i.v.) e GMel (meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Exame clínico e coletas de sangue foram realizados no M0 (pré-avaliação), M1 (10 minutos após a pré-avaliação), M2 (início da sutura para fixação da cânula ruminal), M3 (logo após o término da cirurgia) e em duas, 12, 23, 25, 48 e 72 horas após a cirurgia (M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h e M72h), quando foram avaliados cortisol, glicose, proteína total, albumina, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), aspartato aminotransferase (AST), creatina quinase (CK), ureia, creatinina e hemograma. Nos M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h e M48h, foi realizada avaliação comportamental. O GFlu apresentou maior concentração de cortisol no M12h e no M48h e maior escore de dor na fístula e no testículo no M12h, quando comparado ao GMel. Os animais do GCet apresentaram menor interação com outros membros da baia no M23h. A ação analgésica do meloxicam foi maior em animais submetidos à implantação de cânula ruminal e orquiectomia, quando comparado ao flunixin meglumine e ao cetoprofeno.(AU)


This study aimed to compare the effect of flunixin meglumine, ketoprofen, and meloxicam in the treatment of postoperative pain in sheep submitted to ruminal cannulation and orchiectomy. 32 sheep were submitted to implantation of rumen cannula and orchiectomy, divided into three groups: GFlu (Flunixin meglumine 1,1mg/kg i.v.); GCet (Ketoprofen 3,0mg/kg i.v.); GMel (Meloxicam 0,5mg/kg i.v.). Clinical examination and blood samples were performed at M0 (pre-evaluation), M1 (10 minutes after pre-evaluation), M2 (beginning ruminal cannula), M3 (immediately post-surgery), and M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h, M48h and M72h (2h, 12h, 23h, 25h, 48h and 72 hours post-surgery) with the evaluation of cortisol, glucose, total protein, albumin, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), urea, creatinine and blood count. At M2h, M12h, M23h, M25h and M48h a behavioral evaluation was performed. The GFlu showed higher concentration of cortisol at M12h and M48h and greater pain score related with fistula and testis procedures at M12h when compared to GMel. Animals in the GCet group presented lower interaction with other animals in the same M23h paddock. The analgesia provided by Meloxicam was higher than flunixin meglumine and ketoprofen in animals submitted to placement of ruminal cannula and orchiectomy.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Stress, Physiological , Sheep , Catheterization/veterinary , Orchiectomy/veterinary , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage , Meloxicam/therapeutic use , Animal Welfare
7.
J. nurs. health ; 9(1): 199108, jan. 8, 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1029213

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: identificar as vivências do familiar frente ao diagnóstico de Diabetes Mellitus na criança/adolescente. Métodos: pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 15 familiares de crianças/adolescentes do Centro Integrado de Diabetes de um Hospital Universitário do sul do Brasil. Coletou-se os dados no primeiro semestre de 2014 por entrevistas semiestruturadas, tratadas pela análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: os familiares identificam os sinais/sintomas, mas não associados com diabetes ou confundidos com outras patologias. O diagnóstico ocorre em consultas de rotina ou quando ocorre o agravamento da situação. Os sentimentos comuns são culpa e medo, por não saber como agir. Primeiro ocorre a negação e depois a busca por conhecimento acerca da doença. Considerações Finais: ao conhecer esse processo, os profissionais de enfermagem podem contribuir para diminuir o impacto do diagnóstico, apoiando a família e criança/adolescente no enfrentamento de mudanças.


Objective: to identify the experiences of the relative in the diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus in the child/adolescent. Methods: qualitative research, carried out with 15 family members of children/adolescents from the Integrated Diabetes Center of a University Hospital in southern Brazil. Data was collected in the first half of 2014 through semi-structured interviews, handled by Content analysis. Results: family members identify the signs/symptoms, but they do not associate it with diabetes, or they are confused with other pathologies. The diagnosis occurs in routine consultations or when the situation worsens. Common feelings are guilt and fear, for not knowing how to act. First there is denial and then the search for knowledge about the disease. Final considerations: by knowing this process, nursing professionals can contribute to decrease the impact of diagnosis, supporting the family and child/adolescent in coping with changes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adolescent , Child , Diabetes Mellitus , Nursing , Family
8.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(4): 1333-1337, jul.-ago. 2018. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-946634

ABSTRACT

O vírus da bronquite infecciosa (IBV) é um importante patógeno respiratório presente na avicultura comercial e tem provocado grandes perdas econômicas em todo o mundo. A vacinação é realizada pela indústria produtora de aves, mas continuam surgindo novos sorotipos e variações antigênicas, dificultando o controle de IBV. Nós realizamos uma caracterização molecular de uma cepa de IBV obtida diretamente de tecidos e comparamos com a mesma cepa que havia sido passada três vezes em ovo embrionado. Nós mostramos uma variação significante na sequência viral depois de ter sido isolada em ovo embrionado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Infectious bronchitis virus/isolation & purification , RNA Stability/genetics , Vaccination
9.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec. (Online) ; 70(5): 1378-1382, set.-out. 2018. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-946853

ABSTRACT

A eritrocitose absoluta primária, também denominada de policitemia vera, é um distúrbio mieloproliferativo crônico de causa desconhecida, caracterizado pela proliferação clonal de células-tronco eritróides neoplásicas. Acomete cães de meia-idade entre seis e sete anos. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são letargia, fraqueza, poliúria, polidipsia, sangramentos como epistaxe, hematúria, hematoemese, hematoquezia, até mesmo convulsões e ataxia. O diagnóstico é baseado em valores altos de hematócrito, geralmente acima de 70%, excluindo-se as causas de eritrocitose secundária. As concentrações séricas de eritropoietina estão normais ou diminuídas. O tratamento consiste em flebotomia e administração de hidroxiuréia. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela, raça Bichon Frise, 11 anos, que, no início do quadro, apresentou hematócrito de 84%, letargia, ataxia, mucosas congestas, cianose de língua, poliúria e polidipsia. Realizou-se o tratamento com hidroxiuréia durante oito anos, na dose de 15 a 30 mg/kg, a cada 24 horas, sem ocorrência de efeitos colaterais ou recidiva das manifestações clínicas.(AU)


Primary absolute erythrocytosis, also termed polycythemia vera, is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder of unknown cause. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of neoplastic erythroid stem cells. It affects middle-aged dogs between 6-7 years. The most common clinical manifestations are lethargy, weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, and bleeding such as epistaxis, hematuria, hematoemese, and hematochezia. Seizures and ataxia are also common. Diagnosis is based on high hematocrit values, generally above 70% excluding the causes of secondary erythrocytosis. Serum concentrations of erythropoietin are at a normal level or decreased level. Treatments consists of hydroxyurea and phlebotomy management. It is reported that case of female Bichon Frise, 11 years old who onset of the disease had a hematocrit of 84%, lethargy, ataxia, congested mucous membranes, tongue cyanosis, polyuria and polydipsia. The treatment with hydroxyurea was performed for 8 years, at a dose of 15 to 20mg/kg, every 24 hours, without occurrence of side effects or recurrence of clinical manifestations.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Dogs/blood , Hydroxyurea/analysis , Polycythemia/veterinary
10.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(4): 825-831, jul.-ago. 2016. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-792481

ABSTRACT

Differences in hoof balance between horses, mules and donkeys were identified in order to form more specific considerations for proper management of the animals. Measurements of the natural dimensions of hooves in sixty animals were used: 20 horses from the Crioulo breed, 20 mules and 20 donkeys from the Pêga breed. Liveweight was estimated using the correlation equations in each species by heart girth. Using a caliper rule, tape measure and hoof gauge, measurements of the length and width of the frog, hoof height, angle of heel, medial and lateral dorsal length, angle of the toe and crown circumference of the hooves of forelimbs and hindlimb were taken. Within each group the hooves of the hindlimbs exhibited narrower measurements than the hooves of the forelimbs and no difference was observed between the hoof angle of both members of groups. The conformation of the hooves of donkeys is shown to be substantially different from that observed in horses, the mules being in an intermediate condition, being smaller, angled and robust frog and proportionally more developed. Similarly, the hooves of donkeys provide greater support area compared to mules and horses, in descending order, even being dimensionally smaller. We conclude that the hooves of horses, mules and donkeys, have specific patterns of geometric balance that must be taken into consideration at the time of trimming and imbalance inferences.(AU)


O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o equilíbrio dos cascos de equídeos. Foram utilizados 60 animais, sendo estes: 20 equinos da raça Crioula, 20 muares e 20 asininos da raça Pêga. O peso vivo foi estimado por meio de equações de correlação com o perímetro torácico específico a cada espécie. Utilizando-se paquímetro, fita métrica e podogoniômetro, foram mensurados comprimento e largura da ranilha e do casco, altura e ângulo dos talões medial e lateral, comprimento dorsal e ângulo da pinça e perímetro da banda coronária dos cascos dos membros torácicos e pélvicos. Dentro de cada grupo, observou-se que os cascos dos membros pélvicos exibem-se mais estreitos que os cascos dos membros torácicos, e não houve diferença entre o ângulo das pinças de ambos os grupos de membros. A conformação dos cascos dos asininos mostra-se substancialmente divergente do observado nos equinos, estando os muares numa condição intermediária, sendo aqueles menores, mais angulados e com ranilha robusta e proporcionalmente mais desenvolvida. Da mesma forma, os cascos dos asininos proporcionam maior área de apoio em relação aos muares e equinos, em ordem decrescente, mesmo sendo dimensionalmente menores. Conclui-se que os cascos de equinos, muares e asininos apresentam padrões de equilíbrio geométrico específicos, que devem ser levados em consideração no momento do casqueamento e na inferência de desequilíbrios.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Biometry , Equidae/anatomy & histology , Hoof and Claw/anatomy & histology , Body Weights and Measures/veterinary
11.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(2): 299-306, mar.-abr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-779776

ABSTRACT

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) is of worldwide concern in veterinary medicine. The identification of resistant strains is necessary for proper treatment and the prevention of its propagation among animals. This study aimed to identify S. pseudintermedius isolated from canine pyoderma and evaluate their resistance profiles. Lesions from 25 dogs with pyoderma were sampled. Bacterial isolates were subjected to phenotypic and genotypic analysis for identification of the causative agent. S. pseudintermedius isolates were subjected to SmaI macrorestriction analysis and PFGE for genetic grouping, and PCR to identify the presence of the mecA gene. Their resistance profiles against 12 antimicrobials were also assessed. According to the microbiological analysis, 70 of the 75 isolates obtained were S. pseudintermedius. The isolates presented PFGE patterns, with similarity varying between 84.6 and 100%, and were grouped into 19 clusters. Despite a high frequency of mecA-positive isolates (66 out 70), only 12 presented resistances to oxacillin. Multi-resistance was identified in 29 isolates. The high frequency of MRSP isolated in this study highlights the relevance of identifying resistant strains to lead proper clinical treatment.


Staphylococcus pseudintermedius meticilina-resistente (MRSP) é de preocupação mundial na medicina veterinária. A identificação de cepas resistentes é necessária a um tratamento adequado e à prevenção da sua propagação entre os animais. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar S. pseudintermedius isolados de piodermite canina e avaliar o perfil de resistência. Foram coletadas amostras de lesões de 25 cães com piodermite. Os isolados bacterianos foram submetidos a análises fenotípicas e genotípicas para identificação do agente causador. Isolados de S. pseudintermedius foram submetidos à análise de macrorrestrição por SmaI e PFGE para agrupamento genético e à PCR para identificar a presença do gene mecA. Seu perfil de resistência contra 12 antimicrobianos também foi avaliado. De acordo com a análise microbiológica, 70 dos 75 isolados obtidos foram identificados como S. pseudintermedius. Os isolados apresentaram padrões de PFGE com similaridade variando entre 84.6 e 100% e foram agrupados em 19 grupos genéticos. Apesar da frequência alta de isolados mecA positivos (66 em 70), apenas 12 apresentaram resistência à oxacilina. Multirresistência foi identificada em 29 isolados. A alta frequência de MRSP isolados neste estudo destaca a relevância de se identificarem cepas resistentes para se conduzir um tratamento clínico adequado.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Genotype , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Oxacillin/therapeutic use , Phenotype , Genes, Bacterial , Microbiological Techniques , Multigene Family , Staphylococcus/pathogenicity
12.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 49(9): e5349, 2016. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-788947

ABSTRACT

The present study sought to determine cardiovascular effects of aerobic training associated with diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an activator of the angiotensin converting enzyme 2, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male SHRs (280–350 g) were either subjected to exercise training or not (sedentary group). The trained group was subjected to 8 weeks of aerobic training on a treadmill (five times a week, lasting 60 min at an intensity of 50–60% of maximum aerobic speed). In the last 15 days of the experimental protocol, these groups were redistributed into four groups: i) sedentary SHRs with daily treatment of 1 mg/kg DIZE (S+D1); ii) trained SHRs with daily treatment of 1 mg/kg DIZE (T+D1); iii) sedentary SHRs with daily treatment of vehicle (S+V); and iv) trained SHRs with daily treatment of vehicle (T+V). After treatment, SHRs were anesthetized and subjected to artery and femoral vein cannulation prior to the implantation of ECG electrode. After 24 h, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded; the baroreflex sensitivity and the effect of double autonomic blockade (DAB) were evaluated in non-anesthetized SHRs. DIZE treatment improved baroreflex sensitivity in the T+D1 group as compared with the T+V and S+D1 groups. The intrinsic heart rate (IHR) and MAP were reduced in T+D1 group as compared with T+V and S+D1 groups. Hence, we conclude that the association of exercise training with DIZE treatment improved baroreflex function and cardiovascular regulation.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Baroreflex/drug effects , Diminazene/analogs & derivatives , Hypertension/drug therapy , Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/pharmacology , Physical Conditioning, Animal/physiology , Blood Pressure/physiology , Diminazene/agonists , Diminazene/pharmacology , Heart Rate/physiology , Hypertension/physiopathology , Rats, Inbred SHR , Signal Transduction/drug effects
13.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(1): 96-104, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780048

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Experimental in vivo study aimed to characterize the anxiolytic-like effect of the Citrus limon fruit peel’s essential oil (CLEO) in animal models of anxiety, besides evaluating the viability J774.A1 cells in vitro through the MTT reduction method at the concentrations of 10 and 100 µg/mL. The anxiolytic behavior was evaluated in Swiss mice (n = 8) using the methodology of Elevated Plus-Maze (EPM) and Open-Field (OF). CLEO was tested by inhalation at the doses of 100, 200, and 400 µL, and as control, animals were subjected to inhalation of the vehicle (saline solution 0.9% + Tween80®) and intraperitoneal administration of diazepam (1.5 mg/kg). In the cell viability assay, it was observed that none of the concentrations showed cytotoxicity. OF test showed significant anxiolytic activity at all tested doses of OECL, compared to the control group, without changing the motor performance of the animals. Corroborating OF data, the EPM test confirmed anxiolytic activity in at least two doses of the tested oil (200 and 400 µL), justified by the number of entries and increase in the percentage of time in the open arms. The data analysis of this study evidenced that inhalation of OECL was able to induce an anxiolytic behavior in mice; however, further studies are required to ensure its safe use by the population.


RESUMO O estudo experimental in vivo objetivou caracterizar o efeito ansiolítico do óleo essencial das cascas do fruto de Citrus limon (OECL) em modelos animais de ansiedade, além de avaliar in vitro a viabilidade de células J774.A1 através do método de redução do MTT nas concentrações de 10 e 100 µg/mL. O comportamento ansiolítico foi avaliado em camundongos Swiss (n = 8), utilizando a metodologia do Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE) e do Campo Aberto (CA). O OECL foi testado por inalação nas doses de 100, 200 e 400 µL, e como controle, os grupos foram submetidos à inalação do veículo (Solução fisiológica 0,9% + Tween80®) e administração intraperitoneal de diazepam (1,5 mg/kg). No ensaio de viabilidade celular, observou-se que nenhuma das concentrações apresentou citotoxicidade. O teste de CA demonstrou atividade ansiolítica significativa em todas as doses testadas do OECL, comparada ao grupo controle, sem alterar a performance motora dos animais. Corroborando os dados do CA, o teste do LCE confirmou a atividade ansiolítica em pelo menos duas das doses do óleo testadas (200 e 400 µL), justificada pelo número de entradas e aumento na percentagem de tempo nos braços abertos. A análise dos dados deste estudo evidenciou que a inalação do OECL foi capaz de induzir um comportamento ansiolítico em camundongos; entretanto, outros estudos são necessários para garantir o seu uso seguro pela população.


Subject(s)
Mice , Anti-Anxiety Agents/analysis , Oils, Volatile/classification , /pharmacology , Inhalation , Plant Bark/classification , Mice/classification
14.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(1,supl.1): 307-315, 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-782978

ABSTRACT

RESUMO O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antibacteriana, antioxidante e citotóxica da espécie Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. Foi realizada a prospecção fitoquímica e espectroscopia de absorção de infravermelho (IV) dos extratos etanólicos brutos e frações dos cladódios grande e pequeno. A atividade antioxidante foi avaliada pelo método da capacidade sequestradora de radicais livres utilizando o radical sintético 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazila (DPPH). A atividade citotóxica foi obtida através do método colorimétrico do Metiltetrazolium (MTT). Já a atividade antibacteriana foi avaliada pelo método de microdiluição em caldo para determinar a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) frente às estirpes bacterianas Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e Escherichia coli. A prospecção fitoquímica revelou principalmente a presença de fenóis, esteroides livres, alcaloides, alcanos, além de outras classes químicas. O IV apresentou grupos funcionais como alcanos, carbonilas, grupos de metila, duplas ligações de carbono, grupamentos alquilamina, entre outros. Sobre a citotoxicidade na concentração de 100 μg/mL, os dois extratos brutos, todas as frações do cladódio grande e as frações de clorofórmio e metanol do cladódio pequeno não apresentaram toxicidade. Os extratos brutos e frações do cladódio grande e pequeno, não demonstraram atividade antibacteriana e nem antioxidante. Esses resultados podem fornecer suporte para pesquisas futuras, visando outras atividades biológicas da presente espécie vegetal.


ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity of Opuntia cochenillifera (L.) Mill. A phytochemical screening and infrared (IR) absorption spectroscopy were performed in the crude ethanolic extracts and fractions of large and small cladodes. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the qualitative method of free-radical scavenging capacity using the synthetic radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The cytotoxic activity was obtained by the cell viability assay using methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT). Antibacterial activity was evaluated by broth microdilution method to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the bacterial strains Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The phytochemical screening mainly revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, free steroids, alkaloids, alkanes, and other chemical classes. The IR spectroscopy presented functional groups such as alkanes, carbonyls, methyl groups, carbon double bonds, and alkylamino groups, among others. Regarding cytotoxicity in the concentration of 100 μg/mL, neither the crude extracts, the fractions of the large cladode, nor the chloroform and methanol fractions of small cladode presented toxicity. The crude ethanolic extracts and fractions of large and small cladode showed no antibacterial or antioxidant activity. These results may provide support for future research aimed at other biological activities of this plant species.


Subject(s)
Opuntia/classification , Cytotoxins , Anti-Bacterial Agents/analysis , Antioxidants/analysis , Chemistry
15.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(5): 1461-1464, mapas
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1095985

ABSTRACT

Diversidade genética de Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae tem sido relatada em análise múltipla de repetições em tandem em número variável (MLVA). O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever a distribuição espacial e a heterogeneidade genética de tipos de M. hyopneumoniae no Brasil, bem como investigar a correlação entre regiões de repetição 1 (RR1) e 3 (RR3) de duas adesinas importantes (P97 e P146). Foram identificados 39 tipos de MLVA baseados no número de repetições em tandem em P97 RR1 e RR3 P146. A correlação negativa significativa (Spearman's rho = -0,26; P = 0,022) entre P97 RR1 e RR3 P146 foi observada, o que sugere um possível mecanismo compensatório que permitiria a bactéria manter a sua capacidade de adesão. Os resultados contribuem para compreender a epidemiologia das M. hyopneumoniae no quarto maior país produtor de suínos do mundo.(AU)


Subject(s)
Adhesins, Bacterial , Tandem Repeat Sequences , Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae/genetics , Pneumonia of Swine, Mycoplasmal/genetics , Swine/microbiology
16.
Rev. bras. entomol ; 59(3): 197-204, July-Sep. 2015. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762011

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACTIn order to expand the knowledge on the composition of Ephemeroptera from large rivers, we present, herein, the first survey of mayflies from the São Mateus River Basin, Espírito Santo State. Adults were collected biannually in 2012 and 2013 with the aid of Pennsylvania light trap in eleven points distributed in the main river of the river basin, São Mateus River and its two main tributaries, Cotaxé River (Braço Norte) and Cricaré River (Braço Sul). Thirty-three species were identified (22 nominal and 11 morphospecies) in 24 genera and five families. One genus and one species are reported for the first time from Brazil, three species from Southeastern Region of Brazil, and two species from the state. Five species and one genus not previously described were also found. Moreover, around 20% of the known species of mayfly registered from the state were found. This work reinforces the need to give more attention to research on large rivers due to the high potential for diversity, not only for Ephemeroptera, but also for other aquatic insects.

17.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(2): 519-526, Mar-Apr/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-747067

ABSTRACT

Objetivou-se avaliar a degradação e a produção de gás de diferentes fontes proteicas geradas na cadeia produtiva do biodiesel em substituição à silagem de milho. Os tratamentos foram: coprodutos de Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifera, Jatropha curcas, Helianthus annus. Os produtos foram analisados mediante a técnica semiautomática de produção de gases in vitro. O coproduto da moringa apresentou maior taxa de degradação, quando comparado aos demais alimentos, porém apresentou baixa produção de gás e se tornou mais eficiente, sendo, portanto, indicado como o melhor nível (27,06%) de substituição à silagem de milho. O coproduto da mamona e o do algodão produziram a maior quantidade de gás em 48h de incubação. Todos os coprodutos estudados podem ser utilizados na dieta de ruminantes como alimento proteico até 30% de substituição à silagem de milho.(AU)


This study aimed to assess the degradation and gas production of different protein sources generated in the biodiesel production chain replacing corn silage. The treatments were byproducts Gossyypium hirsutum, Ricinus communis, Moringa oleifeira, Jatrophacurcas, and Helianthusannus. The products were analyzed by semi-automated technique of gas production in vitro. The coproduct moringa showed higher degradation rate compared to other foods, but showed low gas production, making it more efficient, being nominated as the best level of 27.06% by replacing corn silage. The byproducts of castor oil and cottonseed produced the largest amount of gas in 48 h of incubation. All studied byproducts can be used in the diet of ruminants as a protein food up to 30% by substitution of corn silage.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rumen , Ruminants , Dietary Proteins/administration & dosage , Biofuels , Ricinus , Gossypium , Moringa oleifera , Helianthus
18.
J. pediatr. (Rio J.) ; 90(6): 616-623, Nov-Dec/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-729828

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effects of treatment approach on the outcomes of newborns (birth weight [BW] < 1,000 g) with patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) on: death, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH III/IV), retinopathy of prematurity requiring surgical (ROPsur), necrotizing enterocolitis requiring surgery (NECsur), and death/BPD. METHODS: This was a multicentric cohort study, retrospective data collection, including newborns (BW < 1000 g) with gestational age (GA) < 33 weeks and echocardiographic diagnosis of PDA, from 16 neonatal units of the BNRN from January 1, 2010 to Dec 31, 2011. Newborns who died or were transferred until the third day of life, and those with presence of congenital malformation or infection were excluded. Groups: G1 - conservative approach (without treatment), G2 - pharmacologic (indomethacin or ibuprofen), G3 - surgical ligation (independent of previous treatment). Factors analyzed: antenatal corticosteroid, cesarean section, BW, GA, 5 min. Apgar score < 4, male gender, Score for Neonatal Acute Physiology Perinatal Extension (SNAPPE II), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), late sepsis (LS), mechanical ventilation (MV), surfactant (< 2 h of life), and time of MV. Outcomes: death, O2 dependence at 36 weeks (BPD36wks), IVH III/IV, ROPsur, NECsur, and death/BPD36wks. Statistics: Student's t-test, chi-squared test, or Fisher's exact test; Odds ratio (95% CI); logistic binary regression and backward stepwise multiple regression. Software: MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, version 12.1.4.0. p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS: 1,097 newborns were selected and 494 newborns were included: G1 - 187 (37.8%), G2 - 205 (41.5%), and G3 - 102 (20.6%). The highest mortality was observed in G1 (51.3%) and the lowest in G3 (14.7%). The highest frequencies of BPD36wks (70.6%) ...


OBJETIVO: Analisar os efeitos da terapêutica adotada para o canal arterial (CA) em recém-nascidos (RN) < 1.000gadmitidos em unidades neonatais (UN) da Rede Brasileira de Pesquisas Neonatais (RBPN), sobre os desfechos: óbito, displasia broncopulmonar (DBP), hemorragia intraventricular grave (HIVIII/IV), retinopatia da prematuridade cirúrgica (ROPcir), enterocolite necrosante cirúrgica (ECNcir) e o desfecho combinado óbito e DBP. MÉTODOS: Estudo multicêntrico, de coorte, coleta de dados retrospectiva, incluindo RN de 16 UN da RBPN de 01/01/2010 a 31/12/2011, PN < 1.000 g, idade gestacional (IG) < 33 semanas e diagnóstico ecocardiográfico de PCA. Excluídos: óbitos ou transferências até o terceiro dia de vida, infecções congênitas ou malformações. Grupos:G1 - conservadora (sem intervenção medicamentosa ou cirúrgica), G2 - farmacológica (indometacina ou ibuprofeno) e G3 - cirúrgico (com ou sem tratamento farmacológico anterior). Analisou-se: uso de esteroide antenatal, parto cesárea, PN, IG, Apgar5' < 4, sexo masculino, SNAPPE II, síndrome do dDesconforto respiratório (SDR), sepse tardia, ventilação mecânica (VM), surfactante < 2 horas de vida, tempo de VM e os desfechos: óbito, dependência de oxigênio com 36 semanas (DBP36s), HIV III/IV, ROPcir, ECNcir e óbito/DBP36s. Estatística: Teste t-Student, Qui-Quadrado ou teste Exato de Fisher. Testes de Regressão Binária Logística e Regressão Múltipla Stepwise Backward. MedCalc (Medical Calculator) software, versão 12.1.4.0.p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Foram selecionados 1.097 RN e 494 foram incluídos: G1-187 (37,8%), G2-205 (41,5%) e G3-102 (20,6%). Verificou-se: maior mortalidade (51,3%) no G1 e menor no G3(14,7%); maior frequência DBP36s (70,6%) e ROPcir (23,5%) ...


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Pregnancy , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/therapy , Infant, Premature/growth & development , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/growth & development , Apgar Score , Brazil/epidemiology , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/mortality , Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia/therapy , Cohort Studies , Ductus Arteriosus, Patent/mortality , Gestational Age , Ligation/methods , Respiration, Artificial , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Treatment Outcome
19.
Br Biotechnol J ; 2014 Apr; 4(4): 482-498
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-162448

ABSTRACT

Aims: Prospecting different filamentous fungi for high production of amylases in standard conditions for future application in biotechnology industries. Methodology: Samples were collected in different field areas in the state of Bahia, Brazil, for isolating filamentous fungi. Fungi were grown in Petri dishes in a culture medium containing 4% Quaker® oatmeal and 2% bacteriological agar. Fungi screening was carried out in liquid medium containing 1% starch at 30°C and pH6.0 under static conditions for 4 days. Proteins and enzyme activities were determined by Bradford and DNS methods, respectively. A submerged fermentation was performed with different liquid media in order to obtain the best growth composition and enzyme production for the selected fungus. Several conditions such as time course of inactivation, pH, temperature, carbon and nitrogen sources were determined in the culture medium with the aim of improving amylase production and fungi growth. Various fibers and food residues were used as enzymatic inducers in a way to assess potential integration of this enzyme, producing microorganisms in the food industry. Results: A. japonicus proved to be the best degrader of fibers and food residues. After 4 days, A. japonicus enzyme production was maximal, with 44.65(±0.49) U/ml under static conditions. The maximal enzyme activity was obtained at pH 6.0, retaining its activity even at a higher pH. The optimum temperature was 25°C. The best carbon source was potato starch and the best food residues were orange bagasse and bark for the enzyme production by A. japonicus. Conclusion: The results suggest that A. japonicus is a good amylase producer for the degradation of fibers and food residues, indicating that it might become important for the food industry, bringing value to what is known as waste these days.

20.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 66(2): 381-387, Jan.-Apr. 2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-709274

ABSTRACT

Vinte e sete isolados de Escherichia coli provenientes de leite de bovinos com mastite clínica foram submetidos a teste de sensibilidade aos principais antimicrobianos usados no tratamento desta doença. Avaliou-se também a efetividade in vitro de dois inibidores de sistemas de efluxo multidrogas, fenilalanina arginyl ß naftilamida (PAβN) e 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), utilizando-se a concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) como referência. A CIM e o sistema de efluxo foram detectados com base nas curvas de crescimento, utilizando-se a densidade óptica (D.O550), em diferentes concentrações da droga e na presença e ausência dos inibidores. Apenas quatro isolados apresentaram resistência à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, simultaneamente, enquanto todos os 27 foram sensíveis aos demais antimicrobianos. Observaram-se valores para ampicilina variando de 6µg/mL a 250µg/mL e para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim de 12µg/mL a 1500µg/mL. Houve redução das CIMs desses antimicrobianos em todos os isolados na presença dos inibidores, exceto para sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim na presença de NMP. Conclui-se que esses isolados possuem um estreito perfil de resistência e que PAßN apresentou melhor efeito inibitório em relação à ampicilina e ao sulfametoxazol∕trimetoprim, apresentando-se como um candidato a adjuvante no tratamento da mastite...


Twenty-seven isolates of Escherichia coli from cattle with clinical mastitis were subjected to sensitivity tests regarding main antimicrobials used in the treatment of this disease. We also evaluated in vitro effectiveness of two inhibitors of multidrug efflux systems, fenilalanina arginyl ß naftilamida (PAβN) and 1-(1-Naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (NMP), using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as a reference. MIC and multidrug efflux systems were detected in the growth curves, using optical density (D.O550) at different drug concentrations and the presence and absence of inhibitors. Only four isolates of E. coli were resistant to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, simultaneously. However, all isolates were sensitive to the other antimicrobials. Were observed values ranging from 6mg to 250mg ampicillin/mL, and 12mg to 1500mg/mL trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. There was a reduction of the MIC of antimicrobials for all isolates in the presence of inhibitors, except for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole in the presence of NMP. In conclusion, these isolates have a narrow resistance profile and PAßN showed better inhibitory effect against ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and is a candidate for the adjuvant treatment of mastitis...


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Escherichia coli/isolation & purification , Milk/microbiology , Mastitis, Bovine , Ampicillin Resistance , Trimethoprim, Sulfamethoxazole Drug Combination
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